Apparatus for mixing gases and liquids.



G. CALVERT. APPARATUS FOR MIXING GASES AND LIQUIDS.

APPLIGATION FILED PEB.'18, 1914.

1, 1 23,0Q. Patant ed Dec. 29, .1914.

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G. CALVERT.

APPARATUS FDRv MIXING GASES AND LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED PER-18,1914.

1 l 23,0928 Patented Dec. 29, 1914.

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G. CALVERT. APPARATUS POE. MIXING GASES AND LIQUIDS.

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Patehted Dec. 29, 1914.

GEORGE CALVERT, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR MIXING GASES ANDLIQUIDS.

Specification of Letters'latent. i P t nted E E 29 191% Application filed February 18, 1914. Serial 1%. 819,523.

To all whom may concern: Be it known that I, GEORGE at London, England, have invented certa n new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Mixing Gases and Liquids, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for use in the hydrogenization of oils and similar processes where a charge of liquid sub.

with exclusion of foreign'matters such as air, and to minimize leakage.

It is well known that considerable loss of hydrogen occurs in the hydrogenization of oils and that with the high temperatures and pressures used it has hitherto been extremely diflicult to prevent leakage and to maintain the desired high pressure which I have found necessary to produce a ood result. The temperature at which the high mixture occurs also entails difficulties rendering it impracticable to bring the motor directly into the mixing chamber.

The present invention seeks to overcome those difliculties associated with" mixing of more or less attenuated fluids at high pressures and temperatures.

"In the hydrogenization of oils and the. like, according to the present invention, I employ mixing or commingling means capable of being operated within the inclosure containing the charge to be dealt with, and which commingling means is operated by a motor also within the aforesaid inclosure,

whereby the passage of ny moving parts through the walls of the i closure is avoided.

The invention also comprises the particular combination and arrangement of parts as hereinafter described.

The invention will be more readily understood from the following description of some convenient forms illustrated somewhat schematically which are suitable for use in the commingling of hydrogen with oils in .the hvdrogenization of such oils, especially -in the known manner where gas mingled 'with oil or oil'vapors is brought lnto contact with catalytic material. The devices shown may however also be al'sed for analogous purposes where a charge of material is to CALvER'r,'sub-- V ject of the King of Great Britain, residing be treated for a and pressure.

n the drawings Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one convenient form employing a rotary stirrer as the commlngling means. Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional elevations of two convenient forms in which the commingling means comprise a circulating pump adapted to circulate the gas. 'Figs. a and 5 are sectional elevations illustrating other. forms of apparatus.

According to the form shown in Fig. 1, a gas tight inclosure comprises a commingling chamber a, a motor-chamber e and a pipe d connecting the two. The liquid to be treated such as oil, is placed in the cominingling .chamber a which if required may be heated in any suitable manner, as for instance, by means of a superheated steam jacket B. The comminglmg means is inthe form of stirrer blades amounted on a shaft 1) which passes through the pipe (I and is driven by a motor protracted period under heat j which is preferably an electric motor and from said chamber through the pipe (13 into.

the commingling chamber a. The pressure in the ,commingling chamber a. may be read from a pressure gage h. In the hydrogenization of oils I find this pressure is prefer ably fairly high and hence the great difficulty associated with the prevention of leakage if the stirring mechanism for the shaft 1) passes through a stufiing gland. In the apparatus described there are no packing glands for any moving parts passing through the walls of the gas tight inclosure and-consequently even hydrogen cannot leak from the interior of the vessel. In spite of the high pressure and owing to the high speeds attainable amore efficient mixing occurs than with a spraying apparatus.

In order to prevent vapor rising to the motor chamber e and to maintain this chamber fairly cool, a cooling jacket 2' through which water circulates by the pipes j 7' may be arranged on the connecting piped. The

finished product may be removed from the 1 l commingling chamber a by a pipe is. It will be understood that the electric current will be supplied to the electric motor through insulating plugs C G which are rendered pressure tight in any well known manner such as that used for example in the construction of sparking plugs for internal combustion engines.

In the form just described with reference to Fig. 1, the motor is inclosed in a chamber which is at the same pressure as that of the commingling chamber a. In the form shown in Fig. 2 the electric motor f on the motor chamber a is under the same pressure as that of the hydrogen or other gas which is introduced at the inlet pipe g. The gas in this instance is circulated by a pump m which draws in gas through the pipe d and liquid through the pipe n while the gas and liquid which are thoroughly mixed in the pump on pass in the commingled state by the pipe 0 into the chamber a in which chamber they may be heated if required, for instance by superheated steam circulated through a jacket B.

The discharge 7) from the pipe 0 may lead into the top of the chamber a as shown in Fig. 2, or as indicated at 72 Fig. 3, the discharge may be led into the lower part of the heating chamber. In Fig. 3 the pump m only pumps the gas and the motor 7' is inclosed in its chamber 6 which is at the same pressure as thatin the heating chamber (1 The gas pipe a conveniently termi- Dates in a perforated dicharge cone 7).

According to the form shown in Fig. 4 substantially the same construction is used as that illustrated in Fig. 1. The gas in this instance however, is forced under pressure into the same part of the commingling chamber a by a'self contained pump fed from a gas holder; for instance the gas may be forced by a pump '7 driven by suitable worm gearing, from the shaft of the electric motor f WVith the pump 9 arranged as shown within the main gas-tight inclosure, although for convenience its cylinder 9' forms an extension of the motor chamber e, no leakage to the atmosphere is possible. The pump q comprises a piston I reciprocated by the worm wheel 7'' through a connecting rod 1*, the worm wheel 7" being driven, by a worm r on the shaft 6 of the electric motor. The piston Q2 is provided with a check valve 1 while the second check valve 9 is provided in the bottom of the cylinder 1; above a pipe w"connected to a gas holder r. \Vhen sulficient pressure is produced in the chamber a the supply of gas may be cut oil" by a valve 8 on the pipe 11: which may be controlled automatically, as for instance by a pressure motor or diaphragm t connected to the chamber eby a pipe u. Thus although-the pump'may still continue to run, the pressure will be reafter the commingling operation has been completed the pressure in the chamber a is relieved by opening a valve w .in a return pipe :0 leading to the gas holder Q1 so thatat the end of each treatment and before the treated substance is discharged, the surplus gas in the chamber a is not wasted but is returned to the gas holder 4).

When starting the operation the valve w is closed andthe pressure pump 9 then operates to produce the pressure required. I

In a further form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 the commingling chamber a* of non-magnetic material is arranged between the poles of a rotary or oscillatory electromagnet 3 energized by a coil or coils .e supplied with electric current from any suitable source through the medium of brushes 2 and slip rings 2 mounted on the shaft 2 which carries the eleetromagnet and to which shaft the desired rotary or oscillatory movement is imparted in any manner common in the art of electrical engineering. Within the mixing or commingling chamber (1* stirrer blades 0* mounted on a freely rotatable shaft 6 are arranged. The stirrer blades 0* are provided at their tips with suitable pole pieces 0 of magnetic material.

It will be understood from the above that on rotary or oscillatory movement of the electromagnet the stirrer blades are caused by magnetic action to follow the movement of the electromagnet. vThe mixing or commingling chamber a is constructed of ma teriul which is a conductor of electricity so that owing to the fact that it is arranged in the path of a moving magnetic field, eddy currents will be induced in the walls of the mixing or commingling chamber serving to augment the heating of the contents thereof.

I claim:

l..l*or use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, a chamber for containing the liquid and gas to be mixed, means for heating said chamber, means for commingling the gas and liquid in the aforesaid chamber, a motor for operating said commingling means, said motor being remote from said chamber and having a casing and means for connecting said chamber and said motor casing to form therewith a com-, mon gas-tight inclosure, whereby the passage of moving parts through the walls of the inclosure are avoided, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, .commingling means, an electric motor for operating said commingling wasp means and a gas-tight inclosure common to said commingling means and motor, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

3. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, commingling means, an electricmotor for operating said commingling means and having a driving shaft connecting said means and motor, a gas-tight inclosure common to said commingling means and motor, said inclosure comprising a commingling chamber in which the aforesaid commingling means is located, a motor chamber in which the said electric motor is located, and a pipe connecting the said commingling chamber and motor chamber and inclosing the aforesaid driving shaft, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

4. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, commingling means, an electric motor for operating said commingling means and having a driving shaft connecting said means and motor, a gas-tight inclosure common to said commingling means and motor, said inclosure comprising a commingling chamber in which the aforesaid commingling means is located, amotor chamber in which the said electric motor is located, and a pipe connecting the said v commingling chamber and motor chamber and inclosing the aforesaid driving shaft, said pipe having a cooling jacket, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

5. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes Where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, a gas-tight inclosure comprising a commingling chamber, a motor chamher and a pipe connection between said commingling chamber and motor chamber, commingling means within said inclosure and an electric motor inclosed in said motor chamber for operating said commingling means, substantially as andfor the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

6. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a. gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure,.a gas-tight inclosure comprislng a commingling chamber for the oils to be treated, a motor chamber and a pipe connection between said commingling chamber and motor chamber, a pipe for supplying gas to said commingling chamber, means for commingling the gas and oil in said commingling chamber, and an electric inotor within the aforesaid motor chamber for operating said commingling means, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth. 1

7. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, a gas-tight inelosurefor containing oil and gas, means for commingling said oil and gas, said commingling means being located within said inclosure, and an electric motor, also located within said inclosure, for operating said commingling means.

8. For use in the hydrogenization of oils and analogous processes where a gas and a liquid charge are mixed in the hot state under pressure, a gas-tight inclosure for containing oil and gas, means for commingling said oil and gas, said commingling means being located within said inc1osure,-an electric motor also located within said inclosure for operating said commingling means,

GEORGE CALVERT.

Witnesses 

